![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() But they can't divide independently because they're now dependent on the host to provide them with a number of factors. So the chloroplasts, if they're removed from the cell, can still carry out photosynthesis for a certain amount of time. However, through billions of years of evolution, the chloroplasts have lost much of it's function, much of it's DNA, which has been taken over by it's host cell. So, we know that chloroplasts encode on their DNA some of their own function, and they can produce some of their own proteins. Ribosomes are need to produce proteins, and DNA is the heredity material. First, chloroplasts not only carry out photosynthesis, but they contain some other structures found in bacteria, such as ribosomes and DNA. We're pretty sure that this is what happened because of several types of evidence. Whereas the host protecting the endosymbiont, the bacteria it had taken in. So we get a symbiosis of the bacteria providing photosynthesis and energy for the host. Whereas the bacteria itself was then protected by it's host cell from the environment. This photosynthetic bacteria could then provide energy for its host cell. Early in evolution of cells, in the evolution of eukaryotic cells, what we think has happened, is that there was a photosynthetic bacteria that was engulfed by a eukaryotic cell. I think it's very interesting to understand, where do chloroplast, actually where do mitochondria come from? I'm just gonna have a little detour into evolution to understand that mitochondria and chloroplast actually originated as independent bacteria. Teachers interested in teaching this course in their class rooms are invited to explore our Academic High school program here – View Syllabus For information on how to register for the academic exam – Īdditionally, you can apply to certain degrees using the grades you received on the courses. In order to receive academic credit for this course you must successfully pass the academic exam on campus. If you haven't taken it already, you may also be interested in my other course - What A Plant Knows, which examines how plants see, smell, hear and feel their environment. In the last lecture we'll learn about the fascinating, important and controversial science behind genetic engineering in agriculture. Once we know how plants grow and develop, we'll then delve into understanding photosynthesis - how plants take carbon dioxide from the air and water from soil, and turn this into oxygen for us to breatheĪnd sugars for us to eat. Then we'll try to understand how plants grow and develop, making such complex structures as flowers. In this four lecture series, we'll first learn about the structure-function of plants and of plant cells. This class is aimed at people interested in understanding the basic science of plant biology. ![]()
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